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Steel pipe elbow (sometimes also referred to as bends) is a key part of a pressure piping system used to change the fluid flow direction. It is used to connect two pipes with the same or different nominal diameters, and to make the pipe and thus the fluid direction turn to a certain direction of 45 degrees or 90 degrees. This change in fluid flow direction adds pressure losses to the system due to impact, friction, and re-acceleration.

Classification of Steel Pipe Elbows

Types of Elbows based on Direction Angle

According to the fluid flow direction of the pipes, elbows can be divided into different degrees, such as 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 180 degrees, which are the most common elbows. Also, there are 60-degree and 120-degree elbows for some special pipelines. This degree is just a representation of the angle by which the fluid flow is going to change after flowing through the said elbow.

Types of Elbows based on Length and Radius

Elbows are split into two groups which define the distance over which the flowing fluid change direction; the centerline of one end to the opposite face. This is known as the “Center to Face” distance and is equivalent to the radius through which the elbow is bent.

If the radius is the same as pipe diameter (Center-to-Face dimension of 1.0 X diameter ), it is called Short Radius Elbow (SR elbow) used normally for low pressure and low-speed pipelines or in tight areas where clearance is the main issue. If the radius is larger than the pipe diameter (Center-to-Face dimension of 1.5 X diameter) then we call it a Long Radius Elbow (LR Elbow) used for high pressure and high flow rate pipelines.

Types of Elbows based on Connection with Pipe

As per the connection with pipe, elbows could be classified as Butt Welded elbows, Socket Welded elbows, and Threaded elbows.

Butt Welded Elbow

A buttweld elbow is a steel elbow formed by hot pressing or forging. Its connection form is to directly weld the elbow and steel pipe. Butt-welded elbows have beveled ends to allow for ease of welding. This bevel allows for full penetration weld in most cases. Butt-welded elbows are mainly used for elbows with higher pressure and temperature.

Socket Welded Elbow

Socket weld elbow is also welded to the pipe and fittings end. Unlike the butt weld elbow, the socket weld elbow has a trapezoidal area at the end. We can insert the pipe end into this area (the diameter of the SW elbow is matched with the outer diameter of the pipe), then do welding work to connect them together. Therefore, the actual diameter of the SW elbow end is greater than the elbow diameter.

Threaded Elbow

The shape of the threaded elbow is similar to the SW elbow, except that the inner surface of the trapezoidal area has been machined into thread. It is easier to install and remove, good for pipeline repair and maintenance.

There is a wide range of low melting alloys available. Yet some are restricted in their use based on their brittleness, toxicity, and reactive qualities. Some of these elements are bismuth, gallium, tin, indium, zinc, cadmium, tellurium, antimony, thallium, mercury, and lead. Many of these minerals may also be additives placed during the formation of the low melting alloys. ;

Density Characteristics

One of the main reasons for using low melting alloys is due to how it changes when it melts and then solidify. Some alloys are eutectic and will become pure liquid instantly, while others are Non-Eutectic and will transition through a semi-liquid state that has a type of slushy texture before becoming liquids. Low melting alloys will also change in density when solidifying. Alloys such as bismuth and gallium will expand greatly when in their liquid state and then become dense when changing back into a solid.

Knowing the density of the alloy is important as the manufacturer needs to know how much it will shrink or expand. If the metal shrinks too much, it may not create the proper bond with other materials, or have the required strength it needs to withstand stresses. If it expands too much, it can become brittle when changing back into a solid as the alloy might fail during the operation of the product or equipment.

The varying densities of the alloys can also be important to manufacturers based on how they plan to use the alloy. For delicate jewelry, you may not want a material to expand too much as it could end up damaging the surrounding metal that needs to remain intact. You also need to pay attention to the elongation, strength, tensile modulus, and yield strength of the alloy during the manufacturing process.

Bismuth-based: Bismuth alloys will have a composition that is less of a ductile characteristic than tin, as it can become brittle. Manufacturers use bismuth due to its expansion qualities when it melts and then solidifies as it can expand to up to 3.3%. The more bismuth is in an alloy, the more it expands. It is less expensive than other alloys that are featured and the least toxic as it can be used in applications where there is drinking water present. ;

Bismuth compounds account for about half the production of bismuth. They are used in cosmetics; pigments; and a few pharmaceuticals, notably bismuth subsalicylate, used to treat diarrhea. Bismuth's unusual propensity to expand as it solidifies is responsible for some of its uses, such as in the casting of printing type. Bismuth has unusually low toxicity for heavy metals. As the toxicity of lead has become more apparent in recent years, there is increasing use of bismuth alloys (presently about a third of bismuth production) as a replacement for lead.

A Brief Introduction To The Indium Alloy

Indium alloy is generally divided into binary alloys, ternary alloys, and multi-component alloys.

Generally, the melting temperature of indium alloy mainly composed of indium is relatively low, which is mainly used as some low melting point alloys or solders.

While some alloys have very little indium content, indium mainly plays a role in modification, such as improving the strength of non-ferrous metal alloys, improving their ductility, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, and changing the color of precious metals.

Classification Of The Indium Alloy

Generally, the indium alloy can be divided into 5 categories, which are bearing alloys, ferromagnetic alloys, memory alloys, decorative alloys, and dental and gemstone alloys. The following is a brief introduction to the 5 types of indium alloy:

1. Bearing Alloy

Bearing alloys are widely used in the aviation and automotive industries. The bearing alloys mainly used in the manufacture of high-speed engine bearings include silver-lead-indium alloy, lead-cadmium-indium alloy, cadmium silver-copper-indium, silver-thallium-indium alloy, lead-tin-indium alloy, copper-tin Indium alloy, lead tin antimony arsenic indium alloy.

2. Ferromagnetic Alloy

Ferromagnetic alloys are also called Heusler alloys. The most widely used ferromagnetic alloy is copper manganese indium alloy (Cu / Mn / In).

3. Memory Alloy

Indium thallium alloy (In / Tl) and indium cadmium alloy (In / Cd) are memory alloys, which belong to the new generation of alloys.

4. Decorative Alloy

The addition of indium to the gold-silver-palladium-copper alloy used for ornaments can improve the hardness and durability of the ornaments and increase their color of the ornaments. The commonly used Au75 / Ag20 / In5 alloy is commonly known as “green gold”.

5. Dental And Gemstone Alloy

Indium alloy is also used in dentistry and gemstones. Its composition is usually: gold 5 to 65% / palladium 2 to 30% / silver 10 to 15% / copper 10 to 15% / indium 0.5 to 5%.

What is an Air Conditioning Vent for?

The Air Conditioning Vent is a small opening inside the air conditioner that lets fresh air from the outdoors come in and refresh the stale air in your room. This is also helpful when you want to exhaust out any smoke or unpleasant odor from your room.

How Does An Aircon Vent Work?

Aircon vents are mainly responsible for maintaining your home or office’s air pressure. Additionally, these small openings also keep you safe by filtering out debris that can make its way into your space. Installing one on your ceiling or wall, can also save you from potential additional costs down the line.

They Help Maintain Air Pressure

A functioning aircon system — and an HVAC one — operates by heating and cooling air for indoor air production. As the air that is conditioned gets pushed in, the existing air inside the house or space needs to get pushed out. The aircon vent fulfills this purpose by helping the system to pull the indoor air back and release it outside. This process is what allows people to get and maintain proper air pressure at home or in the office.

They Help Filter Out Debris and Preserve Air Quality

Are you the biggest anti-fan of dust and air impurities? If you are, then you have to thank your aircon system’s aircon vent. Like any home or office space, enclosed spaces are prone to accumulating large amounts of tiny to invisible pollutants at any given time. When inhaled, these harsh elements can affect your health and trigger different allergy-related attacks. What the air conditioner does is absorb air through the aircon filter and trap any contaminant that may affect your home. The aircon vent will also support this process by regulating the air inside and getting rid of any of these impurities.

They Help You Save on Your Energy Bill

If your ducts are installed properly along with your functioning aircon system, then you can expect to save on energy costs as the aircon will be performing at its best tip-top shape. It is also important to entrust the responsibility of installations and maintenance to aircon expert professionals to make sure they are done in compliance with industry standards.

A manual toothbrush is a hand-held brush made out of hard plastic. The toothbrush has soft plastic bristles for cleaning the gums and between the teeth. Manual toothbrushes are manipulated by the person using them, moving the brush up and down over the teeth and gums to remove plaque, food, and debris.

Tools similar/equivalent to a toothbrush have existed as early as 3500 BC, and have been around since then. The following are their benefits (for modern toothbrushes at least!):

Speed control - Manual brushes not only allow for more speed control but also provide users with a greater ability to adjust pressure around areas that are sensitive or painful.

They are customizable – Manual toothbrushes have almost a limitless variation. They are obtainable in a wide range of head sizes: small, medium, and large sizes, and several have a convenient tongue cleaner on the back. They are also available in different grips, angles, lengths, and bristle stiffness, i.e. soft, medium, or hard. They also come in limitless color variations.

Easy to travel with – Manual toothbrushes can be carried in a simple case and there are no concerns about damaging them. They are lightweight and almost unbreakable and easy to travel with.

They are affordable – Manual toothbrushes are available at almost any store and at significantly affordable prices.

Easy to maintain – Unlike electric brushes, they don’t need charging, batteries, or any other accessory.

A preform is an intermediate product that is subsequently blown into a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) container. Preforms vary in neck finish, weight, color, and shape, and are specifically designed to meet the needs of customers in different market segments.

Preforms are manufactured from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), so they are called PET preforms. They are produced by RETAL using a highly-accurate injection molding process on equipment from the leading world vendors.

Preform weight depends on the end container’s desired volume. Preforms can be single-layer or multilayer. Barrier preforms provide additional benefits and increased beverage shelf life, thanks to a special layer embedded in several layers of polyethylene terephthalate.

RETAL offers a full assortment of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) preforms for packaging, transporting, and storing drinking water, mineral water, carbonated beverages, juices, nectars, baby food, dairy products, beer, low-alcohol and alcoholic beverages up to 40% abv, edible oil, mayonnaise, ketchup, sauces, household, and cosmetics products

Piano sound boards are thin boards commonly made of spruce approximately 3/8″ thick glued together and extend from the bottom of the piano on a vertical, and the tail of the piano on a grand, to the pin-block and then across the full width of the piano. The soundboard has a crown which is very important to the tone and resonance of the piano. The back of the soundboard has ribs made of wood that are glued to the soundboard to strengthen and support the crown. Wood for soundboards, usually spruce, needs to be light and elastic. ; The best results are obtained when the grain of the soundboard runs parallel to the bridges. ; The bridges are usually made from maple and their primary function is to transfer the string vibration to the soundboard. Older piano soundboards often form cracks, especially where the thin boards are glued together. ; This is not detrimental or life ending for the piano. ; However, it can cause buzzing from certain frequencies. It can be repaired with re-gluing or even shimming. ; Soundboards that have several cracks, mostly due to age and/or large fluctuations in humidity over the life of the board, can lose crowns which would result in dull lifeless tone quality. ; If the crown is lost, soundboard replacement may be necessary to obtain good power and tone. It is best to have a used piano checked by a qualified piano technician to fully evaluate the piano soundboard and its condition.

The sounds available to you when you play are not limited to what you do with your hands. Piano pedals (the levers at your feet) enrich the sound in various ways, opening out possibilities further than the keyboard, from subtle nuances in dynamic to bold changes in the tone.

Types of pedals on a piano

Sustain pedal (right)

Consider an acoustic piano. When a finger is taken away from a key, a “damper” pad stops the note from ringing out. The sustain pedal removes the dampers from the strings, allowing notes to ring out for longer, even when the keys are not held down anymore. That’s why it is also called the “damper” pedal. It is rare to find any piece of music or song that doesn’t use the sustain pedal. Legendary pianist Artur Rubinstein even called it the “soul of the piano”. So If you are learning on a keyboard that doesn’t have built-in pedals, then this is one that you really need. ;

Soft pedal aka “una corda pedal” (left)

Most strings in an acoustic piano are grouped in threes, with each group tuned to the same note. When played normally, the hammer strikes all three at the same time giving a full, bright sound. On a grand piano, the una corda pedal shifts the entire mechanism to the right, so the hammer only hits two of the three strings.

The resulting note is softer. Also, since the strings are hit by a different part of the hammer, the sound is muted and less bright. On older pianos, the hammer would only hit one of the three strings, hence “Una corda” meaning “one string”. On upright pianos, pushing the pedal moves the hammer mechanism closer to the string, making it softer but without altering the tone.

Sostenuto pedal (middle)

This is similar to a sustain pedal. The key difference is that it only holds notes that are already being played at the moment when the pedal is pressed down. Any notes that begin after the pedal is down are not affected, allowing for selective sustain without blurring the sound.

Since the sostenuto pedal is a relatively recent addition to the piano, it is rarely required for pieces before the late 20th century. Even so, many pianists use it when playing the work of earlier, more progressive composers like Debussy and Ravel.

An Electric Hot Pot is an excellent addition to your kitchen. These appliances are perfect for busy homes because they allow you to cook a delicious meal quickly. If you are spending less time in the kitchen, there is more time for fun activities with your family. Here are some great hot pot appliance benefits that everyone will enjoy.

What is a Hot Pot Appliance

A hot pot appliance is an electric cooking appliance that allows you to cook food. This type of unit draws hot water from the base, perfect for cooking foods like vegetables or seafood in broth. You’ll find this appliance is straightforward to use and will save you time when preparing meals for your family.

Hot Pot Appliances Provide Convenience

Hot pot appliances can help to reduce your cooking time significantly. You can use a portable appliance for cooking an entire meal in a matter of minutes. Many appliances let you do all the cooking simultaneously, so you don’t have to wait for each dish to finish individually. Some units even come with interchangeable pots and pans that allow you to cook several dishes at once without juggling multiple appliances. These appliances are perfect for busy people who still want to enjoy homemade meals.

They Are Energy Efficient

These appliances often work on small amounts of energy, so you won’t have to worry about high electricity bills after buying one. Many models take less than five minutes to preheat, which means that they save energy even while you’re waiting for them to finish cooking. Some hot pot appliance reviews even mention the ability of certain appliances to store heat, allowing you to save energy without sacrificing your meal.

Hot Pot Appliances Are Safe

Many people worry about using electrical appliances inside their homes, but modern hot pot appliances are perfectly safe. Many models come with cut-resistant cords, so you won’t have to worry about accidentally cutting the cord with your cooking. The removable pans are also easy to clean because they are dishwasher safe.

Why is it:

The BLAUPUNKT Multifunctional electric hot pot is different from traditional hot pots in that it is a hot pot that can be controlled by lifting and lowering. When the food is cooked, the user can manually control the built-in strainer tray to lift upwards and separate the food from the stock. It also comes with two different baking trays for five different cooking practices. It is perfect for use in scenarios such as family gatherings, outdoor picnics, and gatherings with friends.

Advantages:

1. Its pot body and base are designed separately, the concave base makes it fit more closely to the pot body, making it more stable and more efficient in heating.

2. With a capacity of 5L, the pot can be used for parties of 3 to 8 people.

3. The heating method is different from traditional tube heating, as the base of the pot is made of a unique concentrated heating plate. It has a large heating area and also heats the pot more evenly.

4. This product can be adjusted both in temperature and power, with a maximum power of 1800W and a temperature range of 70-250 degrees. It can cook different ingredients and helps the user to better control the cooking heat level. Its 1800W power is suitable for high-temperature hot pots; 1200W for steaming food at medium temperature; and 600W for slow cooking at low temperature.

5. This product has an automatic lifting function, which allows the user to separate the food by controlling the built-in strainer tray.

6. With five different cooking functions, this product can replace a hot pot, steamer, cooker, frying pan, and snack grill. The user can use it for steaming, boiling, stewing, stir-frying and baking. The dual-purpose cooking method of steaming on top and cooking at the bottom allows for quick food preparation, thus saving the user’s cooking time.

7. The body of this product is made of thickened metal, which is very durable and resistant to deformation. The non-stick coating on the inside of the pan makes it easy to clean.

Hydraulic cylinders are commonly found in industrial machines. Consisting of an actuator, it uses hydrostatic energy to generate force. Hydraulic cylinders essentially use fluid to create a pull or push force. Because they contain fluid, however, they require the use of seals. There are hydraulic seals found in most hydraulic cylinders. What are hydraulic seals exactly?

Overview of Hydraulic Seals

Hydraulic seals are gasket-like rings that are designed to seal areas between the components in a hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic cylinders contain many different components, some of which are exposed to the fluid. To prevent fluid from leaking around these components, hydraulic seals are used. Hydraulic seals are designed to fit the components in a hydraulic cylinder while creating a leak-proof seal around them.

Hydraulic seals are essentially o-rings. However, they feature a groove within the lip that allows them to fit the components with which they are used. The groove will slide over the component to create a leak-proof seal. Even when the hydraulic cylinder’s piston moves and its fluid pressurizes, the component won’t leak. The hydraulic seal will keep the fluid within the appropriate container so that it doesn’t leak around the component.

Hydraulic Seal Materials

You can find hydraulic seals available in several materials. Rubber is a common material used for hydraulic seals. Rubber hydraulic seals are elastic, resistant to cracking, and long-lasting. There are also polyurethane hydraulic seals. Polyurethane hydraulic seals feature many of the same qualities as those made of rubber, but they are typically stronger and better protected against wear. While not as common as rubber or polyurethane, some hydraulic seals are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PTFE is a synthetic material that’s flexible, strong and resistant to extreme temperatures.

Pump Composite Wear Ring Key Features

Pump wear rings are simple components, but they have a profound impact on pump reliability, efficiency, and safety.

Most centrifugal pump designs include replaceable rotating wear rings on the impeller (impeller wear rings) and stationary wear rings inside the casing (case wear rings). The wear rings in a pump serve three key purposes:

Create the contact area between rotating and stationary parts inside the pump

Reduce internal recirculation from pump discharge to pump suction or between stages

Create hydraulic forces which stabilize the pump rotor

The wear ring running clearance impacts pump discharge pressure, flow, efficiency, power consumption, vibration, and cavitation. Using composite wear rings with reduced clearance has a positive impact on all these factors.

Composite Centrifugal Pump Wear Ring Advantages

Long-term, large-scale field studies have shown that composite materials can improve pump life by up to 100%, reduce vibrations, and reduce seal leaks. Field tests and pump test stands have shown that reduce clearance can improve pump efficiency anywhere from 2-5% for typical process pumps. Additional pump composite wear ring material benefits include:

Eliminating the metal-to-metal contact points essentially eliminates the risk of galling or seizure

The wear rings will not seize or gall during slow roll or alignment

The pump will have a better tolerance of run-dry events and other process upsets, with a chance of surviving extended off-design conditions

Lower vibration due to improved damping at the wear rings

Fewer seal leaks due to reduced pump vibration and reduced shaft deflection due to tighter wear ring clearance

Higher efficiency due to lower leakage losses across the wear rings

Production

The first thing to consider when choosing between dry and liquid flavoring is, of course, the efforts and resources required to produce them. ;

Dry beverage flavors are most commonly produced by dry spraying, in which a mix of the desired flavor, water, and a carrier are atomized into hot air. At that point, the mixture cools quickly, trapping the desired flavors into their final powdered form. ;

Liquid flavors are a little more straightforward: you mix your desired flavors with your preferred carrier (and this varies depending on whether you are looking to produce water-soluble flavors, alcohol extracts, fruit flavors, etc.) instead of going through the dry spraying process. ;

Ultimately, liquid flavors are a simpler process, as dry spraying involves more steps and equipment. ;

The addition of fragrance to a candle formulation is a common practice in the United States. In fact, an estimated 75 to 80 percent of candles sold in the U.S. are scented. Candle fragrance manufacturers work closely with fragrance companies to develop candle fragrances that are not only pleasing but will burn safely and properly.

The aroma from a lighted scented candle is released through the evaporation of the fragrance from the hot wax pool and from the solid candle itself. Like unscented candles, properly-formulated scented candles will primarily produce water vapor and carbon dioxide when burned. The only difference is that a fragrance is also released with a scented candle.

Most scented candles contain a combination of natural and synthetic fragrances These fragrance materials may be derived from essential oils or from synthetic aroma chemicals. A well-made candle will contain only fragrance materials approved for candle use; the addition of fragrance to a candle formulation should be carefully monitored to ensure that the candle will burn cleanly and properly.

Candle manufacturers can select from more than 2,000 aroma chemicals and essential oils to develop scents that are both pleasing to consumers and compatible with candle use. These fragrance materials are safe, high-quality ingredients that are also found in many perfumes, bath soaps, lotions, and shampoos.

Various health and safety tests are conducted on the raw fragrance materials that are used in candles and other consumer products. Reputable candle manufacturers use only expertly-formulated fragrances specifically approved for candle use.

Description:

Terry Knitted Fabric is piled jersey fabric made with a special attachment in regular circular knitting machines similar to woven fabrics. The Terry Knitted fabric has loops on the fabric surface. Terry fabric can be classified on the basis of weave, such as 2-pick terry, 3-pick terry, 4-pick terry, 5-pick terry, and so on. In the case of 2-pick terry, it can be formed at one side of the fabric. However, the stability of the loops is very poor due to poor binding in the main body of the fabrics. These fabrics were prepared especially for the bathrobes and because of the instability of the loops, this fabric lost its market.

Usage:

Terry knitted fabric is softer, more flexible, and more comfortable than woven terry fabrics. Terry knitted Fabric feels soft, with good extension, elasticity, wrinkle resistance, and moisture absorption. It has also excellent heat retention. Owing to its softness and absorbency, it is widely used in beachwear, towels, bathrobes, etc.

Single jersey fabric is produced with the RL plain knitting technique. RL plain knit fabrics have plain (R) loops on one side and only reverse (L) loops on the other.

In the patterning of RL knits, different images are obtained by working with auxiliary knitting elements such as hangers and skips. Colorful patterns can be obtained with the jacquard technique. Patterns such as lines in the transverse direction can be applied with colored threads. In addition, it is possible to obtain different patterns by arranging the needle and steel arrays

SUPREM FABRIC PROPERTIES

– Their front and back faces are different from each other.

– Fabrics that are produced in the form of tubes, but can also be cut and used in the form of open width.

– Wider widths can be obtained in single jersey fabrics compared to rib and interlock fabrics.

– It stretches at approximately the same rate both transversely and longitudinally.

– If they are too stretched, their shapes may be distorted.

– When used as a garment, it is worse to wrap the body than other weft-oriented knitted fabrics due to their less flexibility.

– Single jersey knit fabric knit has fewer patterning possibilities than other knits.

– Since the knitting report is formed on a single needle on a single plate, it is the knitting type with the least amount of yarn spent per unit area.

– When cut, curls occur from the sides towards the back of the fabric and from the top and bottom towards the front of the fabric.

– They have less tendency to wrinkle.

Suprem knitted fabrics are widely used in summer outerwear, sportswear, and medical clothing. It is also used in underwear, although it is less used.

There are varieties such as emery single jersey (plain dye), ringed single jersey, ringed lycra, single jersey, boucle single jersey, and silvery single jersey. It is also used meticulously in Aydoğan Knitted Pajamas.

Live turret, as the name implies, is specifically driven by the CNC control and the turret of various spindle and powered sub-spindle configurations on CNC lathes to perform various operations while the workpiece remains in orientation to the main spindle. These devices, whether BMT or VDI, are also called driven tools, as opposed to the static tools used during turning operations. Live tools are usually customized for the particular machine tool builder’s turret assembly.

Most often, live tooling is offered in standard straight and 90º configurations with a variety of tool output clamping systems, including collet chuck, arbor, Weldon, Capto, whistle notch, hydraulic, HSK, CAT, ABS, and a variety of custom or proprietary systems developed by the many suppliers to the industry.

Investing in a Better Design

Bearing construction and the resulting spindle concentricity drive the life of any tool. A better design that costs just 10–15% more can yield both longer-lasting cutters and a consistently superior finish.

Of course, the stability and rigidity of the machine tool base are also critical factors, especially on large or deep-pocket workpieces where the distance from the tool base to the cutter tip is greater. Bevel and spur gears that are hardened, ground and lapped in sets are best for smooth transition and minimal runout. Roller bearings are consistently superior to spindle bearings in live tooling applications, so look for a combination system to get the highest possible precision. Also look for an internal vs. external collet nut so the tool seats more deeply in the tool. This produces superior rigidity.

Likewise, high-pressure coolant may be desirable. Look for 2000 psi (13.79 MPa) in 90º and 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) minimum in straight tools.

In a typical setup, the tools are mounted on a disc turret. With a face-mount version, the tools are located on the front of the tool-plate face; on a radial-mount or stair turret, the tools are arrayed on the OD of the tool plate. A servo in the turret powers tool indexing and operation. Driven by the CNC, with a wide range of possible spindles, sub-spindles, and tool holders, the live tools perform off-center operations while the workpiece remains oriented to the main spindle. ;

From the start, live tooling was added to increase a lathe’s usefulness. What many users of lathes and live tooling don’t realize is just how useful live tooling has become. State-of-the-art live tooling is versatile enough that it is applied even when the turning function of the lathe itself isn’t.

Fewer Setups

Other industry experts agree that a live-tooling system offers significant advantages. Frank Cerrito, general manager of Koma Precision Inc., East Windsor, Conn., put it succinctly, “The main reason customers invest in live tooling is that it allows them to do an operation that would have otherwise required another setup, off of the lathe. So it saves time and prevents possible errors.” ;

Leigh Bickham, product manager for Sauter and EWS live-tool distributor ITI Tooling Co. Inc., Ramsey, N.J., noted: “If you’re working on the OD of a part and you then need to mill a flat or drill and tap a hole, you can’t do that on a traditional static lathe. You’d have to move the part from the lathe to a mill. So, the idea behind live tooling was, ‘Let’s eliminate operations and make a turret that’s capable of handling drilling, tapping and milling.’ That’s the biggest advantage—eliminating setups and entire operations.”